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1 moch
early, Irish moch, early, Old Irish moch, mane: *moq-; also Old Irish mos, soon, Welsh moch, early, ready, Cornish meugh: *moqsu; Latin mox, soon; Zend. moshu, Sanskrit mokshú, soon: also Greek $$G máy, idly, rashly. See mus. Hence mocheirigh, early rising, mochthrath, early morning, Middle Irish mochthrath, Old Irish mochtratae, matutinus. -
2 Di-
- day; the prefix in the names of the days of the week, Irish, Old Irish dia, die (Old Irish), Welsh dydd, Cornish det (for dedh), Breton dez, dijas (*dejes-?); Latin diês; Sanskrit dyáús, day, sky; Greek $$G Zeús, $$G Diós, Jove. Allied to dia, god. < Di-dòmhnuich>, Sunday, Irish Domhnach, Early Irish domnach, from Latin (dies) dominica, Lard's day - dominus, lord; < Di-luain>, Monday, Irish Dia-luain, Middle Irish luan, Welsh Dydd Llun, from Latin dies Lunæ, "day of the moon"; < Di-màirt>, Tuesday, Irish Dia-mairt, Early Irish máirt, Welsh Dydd mawrth, from Latin dies Martis, "day of Mars"; < Di-ciaduinn>, < Di-ciadaoin>, Wednesday, Irish Dia-céadaoine, Old Irish cétáin, cétóin, de cétain ( de = dia = Latin die), dia cetáíne, from ceud, first, and aoine, fast, q.v., Early Irish áine: "day of the first fast", Friday being the second and chief day; < Diardaoin>, Thursday, Irish Dia-dhardaoin, Early Irish dardóen = etar dá óin, "between two fasts" - the day between the two fasts of Wednesday and Friday; < Di-haoine>, Friday, Irish Dia-aoine, Dia-haoine, Early Irish áine, dia áine, Old Irish dia oine dídine (day of the last fast): "day of the fast", from aoine, fast, q.v.; < Di-sathuirn>, Saturday, Irish Dia-sathuirn, Middle Irish satharn, dia sathairn, from Latin dies Saturni, day of Saturn.. The days of the week were originally named (in Egypt) after the seven planets of the ancients - Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jove, Jove, Venus, Saturn. -
3 na
Inot, ne, Irish, Old Irish na: used with the imperative mood solely. It is an ablaut and independent form of the neg. prefix in (see ion-, an-), an ablaut of Indo-European nê, Latin nê, Greek $$G nc-; shorter from Latin ne$$u-, Gothic ni, English not ( ne-á-wiht), etc.; further Indo-European n$$.-, Greek $$Ga$$'n-, Latin in-, English un-, Gaelic an-. See nach, which is connected herewith as Greek $$Gou$$'k, $$Gou$$'; the Welsh is nac, nag, with imperative, Breton na.IIor, vel, Irish ná, Early Irish, Old Irish nó, Welsh neu: *nev (Stokes, who allies it to Latin nuo, nod, Greek $$G neúw, Sanskrit návate, go remove; but, in 1890, Bez. Beit.$$+16 51, he refers it to the root nu, English now). It can hardly be separated from neo, otherwise, q.v. Strachan agrees.IIIthan, Irish ná, Middle Irish iná, Early Irish inda, indás, Old Irish ind as, indás, pl. indate (read indáte); from the prep. in and tá, to be (Zeuss$$+2, 716-7, who refers to the other prepositional comparative conjunction oldaas, from ol, de). The use of in in Old Irish as the relative locative may also be compared.VIwhat, that which, id quod, Middle Irish ina, ana, inna n-, Early Irish ana n-; for an a, Old Irish rel. an( really neuter of art.) and Gaelic rel a, which see. Descent from ni or ni, without any relative, is favoured by Book of Deer, as do ni thíssad, of what would come. Possibly from both sources. -
4 truaill
Ia sheath, so Irish, Early Irish trúaill: *troud-s-li-, root treud, trud, push; English thrust, Latin trûdo. See further trod, trom.IIpollute, violate, Irish trúaillim, Early Irish trúalnim, Old Irish druáilnithe, corruptus, $$oellned, inquinatio, illuvies, élnithid, violator, from éln-, Old Irish as-lenaimm, pollue, Gaelic root len (le$$-n, Ascoli), f$$oedare (Latin lino, smear, as in lean?). Ascoli analyses truaill into der-uad-le$$-n ( der- intensive), while Thurneysen refers the tru-, dru- to the root of Latin trux, trucis. dru-es-lén (Stokes). Early Irish trú, wretched, English throe (Stokes). -
5 feachd
an army, host, expedition, Irish feachd, an expedition, Early Irish fecht ( ar fecht agus sluagad), Welsh gwaith, action, work. This Zimmer refers to Old Irish fichim, I fight (Latin vinco, Gothic veihan, root viq), as well as ++feachd time, Irish feachd, Early Irish fecht, oenfhecht, once, Welsh gwaith, turn, vicem. Stokes separates the latter ( feachd, time, Early Irish fecht, journey), giving as stem vektâ, root vegh (Latin veho, English waggon); for fecht, campaign, hosting, he gives the Celtic viktâ, root viq, as Zimmer does. The words seem, as Stokes has it, from two roots, but now they are indistinguishably mixed. Osthoff regards feachd, time, as allied to Latin vices; See fiach. -
6 fiamh
I IIaspect, appearance, trace, Irish fiamh, track, trace, chain, fíamh (O'Cl.) = lorg, Early Irish fiam, a chain, *veimo-, root vei, wind, as in féith. fiamh ghàire, fèath ghaire (Arg.), a slight smile, is in Irish fáetheadh an gháire, appearance of a smile, Early Irish féth, aspect. -
7 iomair
I IIneed, behove: "serve"; Irish timthire, servant, Old Irish timmthirim, I serve. For force, cf. feum. The root is tìr, land?III -
8 àiridh
better àirigh, hill pasture, sheiling ( airghe, in Lh. for Gaelic); cf. Early Irish airge, áirge, place where cows are, dairy, herd of cattle; Early Irish airgech, herdswoman of Brigit; Irish airghe, pl. áiríghe (O'Br.), a herd of cattle; airgheach, one who has many herds; *ar-egia; Latin armentum? But See àrach, rear. Norse or Danish erg from Gaelic equals Norse setr (Ork. Sag.). This Norse form proves the identity of Gaelic with Early Irish airge; airge= ar-agio, *agio, herd. -
9 ars
ars, arsaquoth, Irish ar, Early Irish ar. The s of the Gaelic really belongs to the pronoun sé or sì, said he, said she, "ar sé, ar sì". Cf. Middle Gaelic "ar san tres ughdar glic" - said the third wise author ( san being the full art.; now ars an. The Early Irish forms bar and for, inquit, point to the root sver, say, English swear, answer. Stokes refers it to the root ver, verdh, English word, adducing Early Irish fordat, ordat, oldat, inquiunt, for the verdh root. Thurneysen objects that ol or for is a preposition, the - dat being the verb ta on analogy with other forms indás, oldáte. The original is al, propter, "further" (see "thall"), like Latin tum ("tum ille" - then he), later or or for, and later still ar - all prepositions, denoting "further". -
10 arsa
ars, arsaquoth, Irish ar, Early Irish ar. The s of the Gaelic really belongs to the pronoun sé or sì, said he, said she, "ar sé, ar sì". Cf. Middle Gaelic "ar san tres ughdar glic" - said the third wise author ( san being the full art.; now ars an. The Early Irish forms bar and for, inquit, point to the root sver, say, English swear, answer. Stokes refers it to the root ver, verdh, English word, adducing Early Irish fordat, ordat, oldat, inquiunt, for the verdh root. Thurneysen objects that ol or for is a preposition, the - dat being the verb ta on analogy with other forms indás, oldáte. The original is al, propter, "further" (see "thall"), like Latin tum ("tum ille" - then he), later or or for, and later still ar - all prepositions, denoting "further". -
11 cutach
bobtailed, so Irish, Early Irish do-chotta, they cut short, Welsh cwta. The relationship, if any, existing between cut, cutach, and English cut, is one of borrowing; the history of English cut is obscure, and the Celtic words mean "short, shorten", not "to cut" with a knife. Besides, the Early Irish appears a century and a half earler than the English (1139 v. 1275). Stokes has suggested a borrowing from French couteau (= cultellus, knife) for the Early Irish form. Rhys says Welsh is English cutty, borrowed. -
12 fabhra
fabhra, fabhradabhra, eyelid, eyebrow, Irish abhra, fabhra, eyelid, Early Irish abra, n.pl. abrait, Cornish abrans, Breton abrant, eyebrow, Mac. Greek $$Ga$$'brou$$ntes; further $$Go$$'frús, brow, English brow. There is an Early Irish bra, pl. brói, dual brúad, *bruvat-. The phonetics are not clear. Stokes has suggested Latin frons, frontis, as allied, *bhront- with the prep. a(p)o (= Early Irish -a-), ab. -
13 fabhrad
fabhra, fabhradabhra, eyelid, eyebrow, Irish abhra, fabhra, eyelid, Early Irish abra, n.pl. abrait, Cornish abrans, Breton abrant, eyebrow, Mac. Greek $$Ga$$'brou$$ntes; further $$Go$$'frús, brow, English brow. There is an Early Irish bra, pl. brói, dual brúad, *bruvat-. The phonetics are not clear. Stokes has suggested Latin frons, frontis, as allied, *bhront- with the prep. a(p)o (= Early Irish -a-), ab. -
14 neasg
neasg, neasgaid -
15 neasgaid
neasg, neasgaid -
16 a mhàin
I.only, Irish amháin, Early Irish amáin; cf. Old Irish nammá (Welsh namyn, but?) = nan-n-má "ut non sit major" (?). The main root is má or mó, more, with the negative, but the exact explanation is not easy; "no more than"(?). amháin =a-(apo)+màin, *mani; Greek $$G mános, spärlich, $$G monos (St.Z.).II.mhàin, a mhàin -
17 cairt
I II IIIa card, so Irish; Gaelic is from Scottish carte, which is direct from the French carte. The English modifies the latter form into card. The are all from Latin charta, paper. Early Irish cairt meant "parchment".VIcleanse, Irish cartaighim, Early Irish cartaim, Welsh carthu, purge, kar-to-. The root idea is a "clearing out"; the root ker, kar, separate, is allied to sker in ascart, and especially in sgar. -
18 meall
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19 ros
Iseed, ros lìn, flax seed (Armstrong's only use for it), Irish ros, flax seed, Middle Irish ros, genealogy, Early Irish ross lín, flax seed (Corm.), ros, genealogy, to which Strachan compares Gothic frasts, for fra-s$$?t-s, from pro-sto (Stokes), a child. A usual word for seed is fras, which also means a "shower", but both are ultimately from *verso, flow, whence Greek $$Ge$$'/rsc, $$Ge$$`rsc, dew, and $$Ga$$'rscn, male. Dr. Cameron compared Greek $$G práson, leek (*pr$$.so), English furze.IIa promontory, Irish ros, promontory (North Ireland), wood (South Ireland; its usual Irish meaning), Early Irish ross, promontory, wood; in the former sense from *pro-sto-s, "standing out before", root sta, stand, Latin sto, English stand, etc.; especially Sanskrit prastha, plateau. In the sense of "wood", ros is generally regarded as the same word as ros, promontory, explained as "promontorium nemorosum", with which is compared Welsh rhos, a moor, waste, coarse highland, Breton ros, a knoll. -
20 sàth
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